Muhammad 'Ali felt that he was strong enough to challenge the sultan. His first war against the sultan (1831-33) gained him control of Syria as far north as Adana. The Convention of Kütahya (1833) that had awarded the Ottomans' Syrian provinces and Adana to Muhammad 'Ali was not satisfactory to either party, and a new war developed.
How to Stop a War; Muhammad 'Ali; Battle of Nizip.
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